Nootropic & Neuropeptides
P21
Also known as: CNTF analog
Mechanism & research context
Synthetic peptide analog of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Animal models only.
Safety flags
0 flagsNo curator-recorded safety flags for this entry. Absence of recorded flags is not evidence of safety. Many peptides lack adequate human data.
Research papers
16 recordsCitation links route to PubMed, Europe PMC, and PMC. Presence of a study is not endorsement. Records are refreshed from PubMed on a regular cadence; rows marked “Live search link” will resolve to a current PubMed search until a full citation has been ingested.
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· 2026 Open access
LincRNA-p21: A Double-Edged Sword in Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage and Its Nanoparticle Solution.
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· 2026 Open access
The p21 resilience network: a conceptual framework linking senescence to ferroptosis and cuproptosis resistance.
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· 2026 Open access
Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia and Subsequent Normoxic Recovery on Renal Senescence and the PI3K/Akt/P21 Pathway in Rats.
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· 2026
Decoding P21 Activated Kinase-1 (PAK1) and Drug-Resistance Enigma.
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· 2026 Open access
Impaired myelination in multiple sclerosis organoids: p21 links oligodendrocyte dysfunction to disease subtype.
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· 2026
Ultrasound-Assisted Radiopharmaceutical Investigation of GNL1-Mediated AKT-P53-P21 Axis Activation in Cervical Cancer Progression.
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· 2026 Open access
Quantifying single-cell responses to irradiation in 3D.
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· 2026 Open access
Cell Type-Specific Expression of p16, p21, and p53 Reveals Age-Dependent Glial Senescence in the App<sup>NL-G-F</sup> Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
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· 2026
Three-population connectivity scheme for inhibitory control from the locus coeruleus governing the development of power law wake bouts through early infancy.
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· 2026
Multiplexed P21/MCM-2 detection predicts relapse and may identify tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant patients in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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· 2026 Open access
EYA4 promotes cellular senescence by enhancing P21 transcription through interaction with SIX2.
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· 2026 Open access
p21 Knockdown as a Therapeutic Strategy for Focal Cartilage Injury Repair.
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· 2026
Invasive-Front P21 Expression Is Associated With Tumor Aggressiveness in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
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· 2026
CDKN1A/p21 Influences the Survival and Expansion of Breast Cancer Stem Cells after Oxidative Damage.
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· 2026
Transient p53/p21 activation selectively protects healthy human hair follicles and their stem cells from chemotherapy.
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Review · PubMed (NCBI) Live search link
PubMed literature search: P21
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Clinical trials
21 records-
Live search Live search
Live ClinicalTrials.gov search: P21
Condition: See live results
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT00099021 PHASE2 COMPLETED
A Phase IIa Cancer Prevention Trial of the PPAR Gamma Agonist Pioglitazone in Oral Leukoplakia
Condition: Head and Neck Cancer; Oral Leukoplakia
Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT00208793 PHASE2 COMPLETED
Calcium, Vitamin D, and Colon Cancer Risk Biomarkers
Condition: Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps
Sponsor: Emory University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT00378404 PHASE1 TERMINATED
A Phase I Trial of Docetaxel and Low-Dose Fractionated Radiation in the Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Condition: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Sponsor: Susanne Arnold
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT00398047 PHASE2 TERMINATED
Combination of Azacitadine and Hematopoietic Growth Factors for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Condition: Leukemia; Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT00470353 NA TERMINATED
A Pilot Study of Low and High Dose Vitamin Cholecalciferol (D3) With Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Correlates in Patients With Resected Colon Cancer
Condition: Colorectal Cancer
Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01325311 PHASE2 COMPLETED
Phase IIA, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Single High Dose Cholecalciferol and Daily Genistein (G-2535) Versus Placebo in Men With Early Stage Prostate Cancer Undergoing Prostatectomy
Condition: Prostate Adenocarcinoma; Stage I Prostate Cancer; Stage IIA Prostate Cancer; Stage IIB Prostate Cancer
Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01344330 COMPLETED
Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Histone Status in Screening Colonoscopy Patients
Condition: Colon Cancer
Sponsor: Texas A&M University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT02056691 NA COMPLETED
Clinical and Biological Effects of a Preoperative Exercise Programme in Colorectal Tumour and Skeletal Muscle Tissues (Exercise inDuced Changes In Colorectal Cancer Tissues)
Condition: Colorectal Cancer
Sponsor: The Royal Bournemouth Hospital
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT02917629 PHASE2 TERMINATED
Phase IIB Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of ACTOplus Met® XR in Subjects With Stage I-IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity or Oropharynx Prior to Definitive Treatment
Condition: Oral Cavity Neoplasm; Oropharyngeal Neoplasm; Stage 0 Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v6 and v7; Stage 0 Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage I Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage I Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage II Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage II Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVA Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IVA Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVB Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IVB Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7
Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03274778 NA WITHDRAWN
An Exploratory proof-of Mechanism Study to Assess the Effect of Ruxolitinib on Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells and Additional Immune Subsets in Prostate Cancer Patients
Condition: Prostate Cancer
Sponsor: Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03717909 PHASE2 COMPLETED
A Pivotal, International, Randomised, Double-blind, Efficacy and Safety Trial of Sodium Valproate, in Paediatric and Adult Patients With Wolfram Syndrome
Condition: Wolfram Syndrome
Sponsor: University of Birmingham
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03719690 PHASE2 COMPLETED
A 2 Cohort, Non-comparative, Pivotal Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Tipifarnib in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) With HRAS Mutations (AIM-HN) and the Impact of HRAS Mutations on Response to First Line Systemic Therapies for HNSCC (SEQ-HN)
Condition: HRAS Gene Mutation; HNSCC
Sponsor: Kura Oncology, Inc.
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03725436 PHASE1 COMPLETED
A Phase 1b Study of ALRN-6924 in Combination With Paclitaxel in Wild-Type TP53 Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors Including Estrogen-Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Condition: Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Anatomic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Prognostic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Prognostic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v8; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; TP53 wt Allele; Unresectable Malignant Solid Neoplasm
Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT04247464 NA COMPLETED
Evaluation of Short-term Fasting Effects on Chemotherapy Toxicity and Efficacy
Condition: Fasting
Sponsor: IMDEA Food
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05222217 COMPLETED
Gatekeeper™ Prostheses Implants for Patients With Gas Incontinence and Soiling
Condition: Gas Incontinence; Soilings, Fecal
Sponsor: Hospital Mutua de Terrassa
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05252871 NA COMPLETED
Assessment of Three Basic Progressive Lens Designs
Condition: Presbyopia
Sponsor: Western University of Health Sciences
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05304143 NA COMPLETED
Efficacy of Immersive Entertainement Glasses in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Reduce Claustrofobia: Clinical Control Trial
Condition: Claustrophobia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Sponsor: Hospital Mutua de Terrassa
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05364502 NA ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
A Prospective Multicenter Single-Arm Staged Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Embrace™ Hydrogel Embolic For Transcatheter Embolization of Arterial Bleeding in Solid Organs and Peripheral Arteries
Condition: Arterial Bleeding in Solid Organs and Peripheral Arteries
Sponsor: Instylla, Inc.
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05416177 UNKNOWN
Assessment of Vivity With French Clinical Data Related to the Toric Model Study
Condition: Cataract
Sponsor: Versailles Hospital
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05491590 COMPLETED
Patient-reported Outcomes in Status Epilepticus Requiring Intensive Care Unit Management
Condition: Patient Reported Outcomes; Long Term Outcomes; Status Epilepticus; Intensive Care Unit; Intensive Care Unit Syndrome
Sponsor: Versailles Hospital
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
Doses reported in studies
0 recordsNo study-protocol dose records have been curated for P21 yet. Absence of records is not evidence of safety — many peptides lack adequate human-trial data in the first place.
Records here are populated from public sources only (ClinicalTrials.gov protocol summaries and FDA-approved labels) and must cite a verifiable source URL. They are not added from forum posts, vendor pages, anecdotal write-ups, or social media.
These entries describe what was studied. They do not tell you what to take, how to reconstitute anything, how to fill a capsule, how often to administer, or where to obtain a compound. If you are considering use of P21, those decisions belong with a licensed clinician working from the full label or trial record — not from this summary.
Why this page does not list a dose for self-use
The "Doses reported in studies" section above (when populated) describes what was administered in a cited study or label, under medical supervision, in a specific population. It is not a dosing guide for self-use. Separately, we do not publish anecdotal or community-reported dose ranges, administration methods, vial concentrations, or capsule masses for P21. Anecdotal figures for unapproved compounds are not harm-reduction data: they lack denominators for adverse events, cannot account for individual physiology or compound purity, and normalise unsupervised use. See the safety policy for the full reasoning.
If this compound has an FDA-approved label
If a label exists, the regulator-reviewed dosing and administration information is there — read it in the context of a prescriber's evaluation.
Questions worth bringing to a clinician
- What is the evidence for this compound in someone with my history?
- What are the realistic, regulator-reviewed alternatives?
- What would you monitor, and what would make you stop?
If you have already taken a peptide and feel unwell: contact emergency services. In the United States, Poison Control is reachable 24/7 at 1-800-222-1222. Do not wait for a community thread.