Healing & Tissue Repair
LL-37
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Also known as: Cathelicidin hCAP-18 fragment
Mechanism & research context
Endogenous antimicrobial peptide with immunomodulatory and wound-healing activity studied in vitro and in animal models.
Safety flags
0 flagsNo curator-recorded safety flags for this entry. Absence of recorded flags is not evidence of safety. Many peptides lack adequate human data.
Research papers
16 recordsCitation links route to PubMed, Europe PMC, and PMC. Presence of a study is not endorsement. Records are refreshed from PubMed on a regular cadence; rows marked “Live search link” will resolve to a current PubMed search until a full citation has been ingested.
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· 2026 Open access
Adaptive immune response to the autoantigen LL‐37 differentiates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease phenotypes
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· 2026 Open access
LL-37 and citrullinated-LL-37 enhances oxylipins: citrullination attenuates LL-37-mediated COX-2-dependent chemokine response in human bronchial epithelial cells.
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· 2026 Open access
Comparing the genetic and serum expression of LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptide in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus patients.
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· 2026
Structural determinants of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides as LL-37 inhibitors in breast cancer.
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· 2026
Exploring the role of cathelicidin LL-37 and ceragenins in wound healing processes.
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· 2026 Open access
LL-37 selectively targets Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes and exhibits antimalarial activity.
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· 2026 Open access
Heteroaggregation of Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and HNP‑1 Drives Cooperative Neutralization of Cytotoxicity.
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· 2026
Cancer cell migration under control of human cathelicidin LL-37.
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· 2026
Aggregation-State Dynamics Drive Double Cooperativity Between Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and HNP1.
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· 2026
LL-37-ApoB-100 Complex Serves as a Biomarker of Coronary Artery Disease.
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· 2026
Adaptive immune response to the autoantigen LL-37 differentiates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease phenotypes.
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· 2026
LL-37 Inhibits EV71 Infection by Upregulating STAC via the EGFR-ERK Signaling Pathway.
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· 2026
[Evaluation of Serum LL-37 Levels in Patients with Brucellosis and Their Relationship with Clinical Course].
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· 2025
LL-37 and citrullinated-LL-37 enhance disparate oxylipins: LL-37-mediated chemokine response is dependent on COX-2 and the P2X <sub>7</sub> receptor in human bronchial epithelial cells
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· 2025 Open access
Dermofunctional Vehicle Downregulates LL-37 and MMPs and Upregulates IGFBP-3.
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Review · PubMed (NCBI) Live search link
PubMed literature search: LL-37
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Clinical trials
21 records-
Live search Live search
Live ClinicalTrials.gov search: LL-37
Condition: See live results
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01308619 PHASE4 COMPLETED
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Evaluation of Rosacea-related Inflammatory Biochemical Markers in the Skin of Adults With Papulopustular Rosacea Treated With Daily Doxycycline 40 mg (30 mg Immediate Release / 10 mg Delayed Release Beads) Capsules
Condition: Rosacea
Sponsor: Galderma R&D
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01689441 PHASE2 COMPLETED
Randomized Controlled Trial of Calcitriol vs. Placebo Among Critically-ill Patients With Sepsis
Condition: Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock
Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01689779 PHASE3 COMPLETED
Effect of High-dose Cholecalciferol Supplementation on Perioperative Vitamin D Status in Colorectal Surgery Patients
Condition: Hypovitaminosis D
Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01702974 PHASE2 COMPLETED
Immune Reconstitution in HIV Disease Using Antimicrobial Treatment With Vitamin D and Phenylbutyrate
Condition: HIV Infection
Sponsor: Karolinska Institutet
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT01951352 NA COMPLETED
Effects of Surfactants on the Innate Immune System
Condition: Healthy
Sponsor: University of California, San Diego
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT02367612 PHASE2 COMPLETED
Fermented Milk on the Appearance of Common Winter Infectious Diseases
Condition: Acute Gastroenteritis; Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Sponsor: Federico II University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT02945683 NA COMPLETED
Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Beneficial Effects of a Probiotic Food Supplement in Children With Atopic Dermatitis
Condition: Atopic Dermatitis
Sponsor: Noos S.r.l.
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03038932 COMPLETED
Integrated Extreme Trait Analysis to Understand the Etiology of Eczema Herpeticum (ADRN-06)
Condition: Eczema Herpeticum
Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03270709 PHASE1 TERMINATED
Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D3 on Alveolar Macrophage Function, LL-37, and Oxidative Stress in Smokers and Non-Smokers With and Without HIV
Condition: HIV/AIDS; Vitamin D Deficiency; Smoker Lung
Sponsor: Emory University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT03434249 NA COMPLETED
Studio Clinico Randomizzato Per Valutare l'Efficacia Del Bifidobacterium BB-12® Nel Trattamento Delle Coliche Infantili
Condition: Infantile Colic; Colic, Infantile
Sponsor: SOFAR S.p.A.
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT04098562 PHASE2 UNKNOWN
The Efficacy of LL-37 Cream on Aerobic Bacteria Colonization Pattern, Inflammation Response: Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), and Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Condition: Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Sponsor: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT04404335 COMPLETED
The Role of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Biomarkers in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease.
Condition: Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
Sponsor: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT04722640 PHASE4 UNKNOWN
Exploring the Effects of IL-23 Inhibition by Risankizumab on Psoriasis Autoimmunity
Condition: Psoriasis
Sponsor: Istituto Clinico Humanitas
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT04861493 COMPLETED
Cathelicidin LL-37 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid and the Saliva of Smokers and Non-smokers With Stage III,IV Periodontitis :An Observational Study
Condition: Smoking Reduction
Sponsor: Cairo University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05208099 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Study of the Immunomodulation of the Immune Response in Hidradenitis Suppurativa and in Vitro and ex Vivo Evaluation of a New Therapeutic Strategy (IMOHS)
Condition: Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Sponsor: Lille Catholic University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT05398770 NA COMPLETED
Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effect of Vitamin D Supplement Prior to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy: a Feasibility Trial
Condition: Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Inflammation; Inflammation; Inflammation Gum; Vitamin D
Sponsor: University of Tromso
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT07129486 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Intermittent-Hypoxia Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation: Role of Cathelicidins
Condition: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Sponsor: Kun-Ta Chou
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT07414030 COMPLETED
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Salivary Antimicrobial Peptides and Severe Early Childhood Caries in Turkish Children
Condition: Severe Early Childhood Caries; Dental Caries
Sponsor: Bezmialem Vakif University
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT07490587 PHASE2 RECRUITING
To Investigate the Effects of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis XLTG11 on Growth and Development, Incidence of Allergy and Immune Function in Infants
Condition: Healthy Children
Sponsor: Min-Tze LIONG
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ -
NCT07505329 NA NOT_YET_RECRUITING
An Intervention Study in Healthy Infants Aged 0-6 Months With Probiotics Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus LRa05 (LRa05) and Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis BLa80 (BLa80) vs. Placebo, for Promoting Gut Microbiome Development.
Condition: Less Than 3 Months Old; Healthy Infants
Sponsor: University College Cork
Open on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
Doses reported in studies
0 recordsNo study-protocol dose records have been curated for LL-37 yet. Absence of records is not evidence of safety — many peptides lack adequate human-trial data in the first place.
Records here are populated from public sources only (ClinicalTrials.gov protocol summaries and FDA-approved labels) and must cite a verifiable source URL. They are not added from forum posts, vendor pages, anecdotal write-ups, or social media.
These entries describe what was studied. They do not tell you what to take, how to reconstitute anything, how to fill a capsule, how often to administer, or where to obtain a compound. If you are considering use of LL-37, those decisions belong with a licensed clinician working from the full label or trial record — not from this summary.
Why this page does not list a dose for self-use
The "Doses reported in studies" section above (when populated) describes what was administered in a cited study or label, under medical supervision, in a specific population. It is not a dosing guide for self-use. Separately, we do not publish anecdotal or community-reported dose ranges, administration methods, vial concentrations, or capsule masses for LL-37. Anecdotal figures for unapproved compounds are not harm-reduction data: they lack denominators for adverse events, cannot account for individual physiology or compound purity, and normalise unsupervised use. See the safety policy for the full reasoning.
If this compound has an FDA-approved label
If a label exists, the regulator-reviewed dosing and administration information is there — read it in the context of a prescriber's evaluation.
Questions worth bringing to a clinician
- What is the evidence for this compound in someone with my history?
- What are the realistic, regulator-reviewed alternatives?
- What would you monitor, and what would make you stop?
If you have already taken a peptide and feel unwell: contact emergency services. In the United States, Poison Control is reachable 24/7 at 1-800-222-1222. Do not wait for a community thread.